What Are the Risk Factors of Cerebral Infarction? - Oren Zarif - Cerebral Infarction

Cerebral infarction may occur for several reasons. It can result from arterial occlusion, thrombus, or other pathophysiological processes. Other causes may be internal cartoid artery anomalies. A thrombus from an aneurysm may also be an important cause of cerebral infarction. Hypertension, or a lack of blood flow to the brain, can also cause infarction.

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The arterial walls supplying the brain can become clogged with fatty plaque. This clot can break free and travel to the brain. This is called a cerebral embolism. Atrial fibrillation can also cause blood clots to travel to the brain. It is possible for a patient to have both types of stroke. If atherosclerosis and embolism are present in the same patient, they could lead to an ischemic stroke.

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If the infarct is massive in size, the patient will experience significant neurologic degeneration, including coma and death. Surgical decompression with a hemicraniectomy has saved the lives of many patients. It is crucial to identify the onset of neurological deterioration early to prevent permanent damage. Surgical management options may include decompressive hemicraniectomy, resection of infarcted tissue, or an epidural hematoma.

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Thrombectomy is another treatment option for the acute stage of cerebral infarction. Unlike traditional surgical procedures, it removes the clot completely. Patients undergo both mechanical and pharmacologic treatments to treat cerebral infarction. These treatments are effective in the short-term, although they can be risky in the long run. The American Stroke Association's Guidelines for Acute Cerebral Infarction provide more specific guidelines for the management of patients with acute ischemic stroke.

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TIA patients with silent infarcts share many risk factors. Although these patients often have no prior stroke symptoms, they should be evaluated for silent infarcts. They can provide important information on the natural course of cerebrovascular disease. During the evaluation of symptomatic patients, the risk factors of cerebral infarction should be investigated. It is important to note that the presence of silent infarcts may indicate a different underlying cardiovascular disease.

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Several studies have focused on the mechanism of cerebral infarction in young adults. One such study included a large geographic region and racial/ethnic diversity. Among the causes of young adult cerebral infarction, cardiac embolism, hematologic factors, and lacunar stroke were the most common. Nearly a third of first-time strokes had no known cause. This study also highlights the need to identify vascular risk factors and identify prevention strategies.

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Early in the course of the infarction, neutrophils are the predominant reactive cell type, while macrophages become the predominant type after the first day. Eventually, macrophages begin to decrease in density, and reactive astrocytes develop. In time, these cells begin to form scar tissue. These changes may result in a variety of symptoms. The symptoms of cerebral infarction depend on the part of the brain affected.

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Despite the fact that cerebral infarcts may produce classic lacunar syndromes, they are not associated with cortical dysfunction. If multiple infarcts occur, the result may be multi-infarct dementia. Seizures may be experienced immediately after stroke onset or months or even years after. Seizures are likely to occur if scarring and hemosiderin deposits occur. When this happens, the symptoms will resolve within 24 hours.

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Symptoms of cerebral infarction range from mild to severe. Most people are unaware of having a cerebral infarction until they become aware of it. The most common symptom is sudden loss of consciousness. There is no definitive treatment for cerebral infarction. Some people may benefit from thrombolytic therapy, carotid endarterectomy, or antiplatelet drugs. This treatment will help reduce the chance of subsequent strokes.